Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Shopping - 1018 Words

The online shopping trend is becoming increasingly popular. People nowadays can get everything they need online, such as clothes, books, groceries, etc. Online shopping is a new type of technology trend that people are getting addicted to because it makes people’s life easier and saves them time. Shoppers can visit web stores from the comfort of their own home and shop while they are sitting in front of their computer. Many online shoppers do not have to waste time on shopping anymore. Online shopping has experienced rapid growth during the recent years due to the unique advantages it offers for consumers. While it is still nice to stop by a store to touch and see the products, the convenience of online shopping cannot be beat. And for†¦show more content†¦Online shopping, on the other hand, is far from perfect. I believe the number one disadvantage of online shopping are the worries that come from sharing personal information. Providing credit card information, full names, a home address, phone number, and sometimes birth dates online can potentially allow others to gain access to people’s most private details. Other disadvantages, for instance, are if an individual buys an item of clothing online he/she does not have the ability to feel the material, try it on, and see how it is made. Unless you know your measurements and are familiar with the brand of clothing offered, purchasing something online could end up being a bad experience. Also, an onli ne shopper cannot talk to someone immediately. If he/she has a question about a product, they probably will have to wait at least 24 hours to get a question answered. However, it is becoming more common that many sites have an instant chat option that takes care of this issue. Once an order is placed, the waiting game starts. You have to wait for a few days for the item to arrive which can be quite frustrating. Some people are most excited about what they bought in the first few days. By the time their item arrives, they will most likely be less excited then if they were to buy the item instore and receive it directly after paying for it. There are some other minor disadvantages, one of which is the shipping. Only aShow MoreRelatedAdvantages and Disadvantages of Shopping Online1600 Words   |  7 PagesAdvantages [edit] Convenience Online stores are usually available 24 hours a day, and many consumers have Internet access both at work and at home. Other establishments such as internet cafes and schools provide access as well. A visit to a conventional retail store requires travel and must take place during business hours. In the event of a problem with the item – it is not what the consumer ordered, or it is not what they expected – consumers are concerned with the ease with which they can returnRead MoreSpeech of Online Shopping Advantages and Disadvantages1231 Words   |  5 PagesAdvantages and Disadvantages of Internet Shopping The advantages and disadvantages of Internet shopping tell us just one thing, and that is, ignore the disadvantages. The advantages are so great that you cant stop yourself from shopping online just because of a few drawbacks. Continue reading to know more about Internet shopping, its advantages and disadvantages. Ads by Google Forum The Shopping Mall Kids, Fashion, Lifestyle Products For all your modern lifestyle Needs ForumTheShoppingMallRead MoreImpact Of Online Shopping On Businesses1439 Words   |  6 Pagesthat applies in Australian workforces. The issue is the impact of online shopping and what effects it has on businesses. According to Australian Bureau of Statistics, 43% of Australians use the internet to buy products and services . This states that the internet is changing consumer shopping habits fast, and most likely, forever. As reported by the National Retail Association, 50,000 people will lose their jobs due to internet shopping . These statistics will significantly affect the work place withRead MoreOnline Shopping and High Street Shopping1465 Words   |  6 PagesNowadays, an increase in the technological revolution has happened in the world; however, the internet is the important significant revolution that has ever known so far and used by a lot of people .Shopping via the internet has become one of the most successful uses that can connect the various and companies and consumers alike. That is because of the wealth of time and effort, rather than travel to buy the specific needs of a country. It has been able to the users of the internet to choose whateverRead MoreAdvantages of Online Shopping675 Words   |  3 PagesOnline shopping, the Mecca for deal findings and savings on anything and everything a consumer could want, offers both advantages and disadvantages. All shopping has some of both, so here are the facts so you can judge whether online shopping is for you. Advantages: Save money. The biggest advantage to online shopping is the amount of money you can save with a little time and patience. Just like in-store shopping, online shopping requires that you shop around and visit more than one siteRead MoreOnline Buying and Selling1001 Words   |  5 Pagesinterested in purchasing. Although there are many benefits to using sites like those or even to be able to look into local sales online, but there are also some down sides to this type of buying and selling on the internet. In this paper, we are going to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of buying and selling online. There are many advantages to shopping online, whether it is through a used website like Craig’s List, a bidding website like EBay, or a retailer’s website like JCPenny. CustomersRead MoreThe Internet : The Challenges Of The Internet797 Words   |  4 Pages There are many advantages some may include online fundraising and online job hunting but there are the disadvantages as well, such as viruses and online shopping. Despite the fact that most of this generation go to the internet for answers, the internet isnt the most convenient source to go to for solutions. Fundraising sites are a smart idea of the internet because it benefits people in need. In the article, â€Å"The Benefits Of Online Fundraising,† Joe Baker said â€Å"Online fundraising is gainingRead MoreTraditional Shopping vs Online Shopping1557 Words   |  7 Pages1. Traditional and online shopping environment In the traditional shopping, one has to leave home, either walk or take a ride to a particular location in order to buy what one wants. There are many ways of traditional shopping such like shopping at shopping center, outlet village, markets or department stores. However, online shopping has been developing at a fast rate through recent years and more and more people are moving towards this mode of shopping. The online shopping is typically done atRead MoreThe E Commerce And Online Auctions Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesMarket Analysis The E-Commerce and Online Auctions industry has exploded over the past decade. Lured by the ease of ordering at home and ability to quickly compare prices and product reviews among retailers, many consumers are increasingly choosing to shop online over purchasing products at brick-and-mortar locations or via mail-order catalogs. RunWayMe will be part of the growing trend with a unique concept of selling the latest celebrities look-a-like outfits at affordable prices. Although thisRead MoreTraditional Markets and Digital Markets1403 Words   |  6 Pages1. Definition on Traditional Markets and Digital Markets 4 A. What is Traditional Markets? 5 B. What is Digital Markets? 5 2. Advantages of Traditional Markets 6 3. Disadvantages of Traditional Markets 7 4. Advantages of Digital Markets 8 5. Disadvantages of Digital Markets 9 6.Conclusion 10 7.References 11 Compare and contrast traditional markets with digital markets Definition of Traditional Markets and Digital

Essay on We Still Need Affirmative Action - 512 Words

During the 1950’s and 1960’s there were major changes in civil rights taking place within the United States. In 1964 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, which sought to create equal opportunity for minority groups in the nation and eliminate discrimination. Shortly thereafter, â€Å"the goal of the civil rights movement shifted from the traditional aim of equality of opportunity through nondiscrimination alone to affirmative action to establish ‘goals and timetables’ to achieve absolute equality between blacks and whites† (Dye 253). These goals and timetables were cemented with Executive Order No. 11246, issued by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965. This order is commonly referred to as the foundation for modern-day†¦show more content†¦Two centuries of severe racial oppression cannot be remedied by four decades of governmental policy. Public opinion also seems to support the effectiveness of affirmative action policies. In a 1999 p oll conducted by Newsweek, â€Å"both African Americans and whites say [that] affirmative action has improved conditions for blacks† (Race: Bills and Proposals). The effectiveness of affirmative action is also evident in employment demographics, as â€Å"there have been significant gains over the past 20 years in minority employment, even in traditionally segregated trades such as sheet metal and electrical work† (Race: Discussion Guides). Affirmative action programs have also played a major role in education, providing new opportunities that were once denied to minorities. Perhaps the most common argument against affirmative action comes from individuals who state that they had nothing to do with the oppression and hardships that were inflicted on minorities (particularly African Americans) in the past. However, these hardships were continued for years under our government’s rule, with very little action being taken. It is the responsibility of our governme nt to correct the injustices of the past and provide greater opportunities to future generations of the sufferers. It is also the responsibility of the majority to recognize the past and support the efforts of present and future programs, which may rid the nation ofShow MoreRelatedAn Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It?1706 Words   |  7 PagesDilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Abstract This paper discusses the importance of affirmative action in today’s society and the ethical role it plays when Employers and Universities are considering entry to their respected places of establishment. The paper will conclude with what America will face in the future in terms of affirmative action. An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? 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Board of Education that separate but equal facilities on the basis of race were unconstitutionally discriminatory. The Act of 1964: CongressRead MoreAffirmative Action During The Civil Rights Movement1237 Words   |  5 Pageshappened until the government implemented affirmative action. Affirmative action allowed minorities more opportunities into schools and allowed more opportunities for jobs. It also allowed society to become more diverse with ethnicities and cultures. Affirmative action diluted the racism in the country and eventually helped everyone work collaboratively. Now that affirmative action has done its job, I feel that it is no l onger needed. Affirmative action was made to level the playing field betweenRead MoreAffirmative Action For African Americans1478 Words   |  6 PagesOliveira 1 Lucas Oliveira Ms. Alonso English 8 Honors 7 March 2015 Affirmative Action Have you ever wondered why all companies have employees of all races? 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Within our time and during most of the civil rights movement minority groups have always found it harder to secure more efficient and higher paying jobs due to racism, stereotypical people, and their behavior. With this being the cause to affirmative action congress ha d to put a law into effect to ensure that this would not continueRead MoreModule 6 - Original Assignment839 Words   |  4 Pagesculture, evaluate the contemporary strategy of affirmative action for minorities to bring about more fairness in hiring and promotion practices. Draw heavily from the assigned readings and then explain and defend your arguments concerning affirmative action and reverse discrimination. The fact that we are still talking about job discrimination, in the 21 century is really a sad thing. 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Introduction to Qualitative Market Research

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Qualitative Market Research. Answer: Introduction The world fossil fuel is finite. So it is very important to find out an alternative energy that can be used to power homes and business globally. To fulfil the high demand of energy solar is the only solution. So solar system in our daily accessories is also important today. Solar power is also useful in those areas where electricity is not available. When fossil fuels release harmful greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere which cause serious environmental problems, but the solar system had no such effect as well as it is eco-friendly. For electricity, we have to pay a daily cost for production but solar system is a one-time investment policy. Thinking all this legion solar system is the better way for the energy independence. This solar solution is very faster than the traditional system and it is more efficient than another traditional system. The electronic market is comprised of the profit that generated through the selling of this product. In electronic industry, there is an increasing demand for electronic devices that are easily compatible with daily life. Consumers want a wide variety of new products with more capabilities and greater services. As solar system is the fastest growing market technology today and going to play the main role in Australian electricity production. The growth of the solar system depends on the need and popularity of customers. As Australia is already practiced with the solar system and it is among the top ten solar countries and by March 2015 Australia had installedphotovoltaic(PV)solar power of 4100 megawatts. So to launch a new solar system is difficult until it provides something new that helps the customer for more service. Customers always want effective and more compatible product than traditional, so a new product must have to maintain the product quality as the competition is very high. Here Legion solar system is more efficient than any other solar system because it provides extra output than any other solar system. But the product popularity and growth depends on customer need and how they take the new product. The customer always wants something new and innovative,this solar system is highly innovative and can fulfill the customers need. A company background effects the selling of the new product. And before buying newly launched product customer depends on the company background and the advertisement of the product. In the advertisement, the company must give all the details specification and company should focus more on special features that will attract the customer. SWOT analysis SWOT analysis means to explain the strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of a company that will help the company to take the step for the growth of the company in future. The company will also find what major difficulties that they have to face (Barrows and Blackall, 2007). With the increasing population and climate change, a major question arises, that how long the fossil energy serve us in future as the fossil energy is finite. So we have to think about the other source of energy. Sun is only reliable to fulfil the increasing demand of energy with the change of our lifestyles. The new product of PLX devices the Legion solar service is a better way for the energy independence (Birn and Forsyth, 2002). It is efficient than the other traditional solar system which will key points for the marketing. It is easily comfortable for the electrical devices like mobile, computer, etc, so it will have a high demand in the digital market. Why will people choose such like product in Australia which is listed in top ten solar countries? People always demand something more. PLX provides such like solar technologies that will easily solve the problem of electricity and energy resources. PLX introduced lithium battery that can produce more output than that of a silicon acid battery. The previous solar system can only produce 50% output than input. But PLX technology provides 250 % feedback energy as output. So the main strength of PLX solar system is the output system and the quality (Chadwick, 2014). Australia is already among the world top most solar countries , so the new solar system is not so essential for the customer as most of them already installed PV system and the installation charge is not so less. For that customers will not go for a new solar device easily. Todays digital device like a mobile phone has an inbuilt powerful battery so need of an extra charging devices is not so essential. Also in the case of solar system users have to depend on the climate (Emling, 2009). In rainy season and in the night sun is not available so solar system is useless at that time. There is also a possibility of damaging of solar panel that effect customers to buy a solar system which is not less costly. The innovative idea of Legion solar devices with more effectiveness will easily attract the customer to buy this. The price of the product is not so high so a normal buyer can buy it. Today the solar system is a most demanding idea as the natural resources like fossils energy are going to the end so solar devices are the only best option. One more important thing is that it has no harmful effect on the environment that will help on its promotion. The PLX devices have already a good place in the digital market, which can capture the market easily. There is large no of the company are doing their business in Australian trade market so competition is very high (Fillis and Rentschler, 2006). Customers have the negative view of solar system for the rainy season when the sun is not available to recharge the solar device. So they must think of an optional energy supply, but for all family and business company, it is not possible to go for dual energy system. This is a big thread for the company. It is not the only product of this type as Australia is already have practiced with so it is a matter of thing that how many customers will go for it. Nature and scope of marketing: Marketing involved all the business activities involved in getting goods and services. Marketing is the way in which a product hands off to the producer or seller to the hand of the buyer. In this process ownership of a product istransferred from the seller to the buyer. Before marketing a product a company should have some essential functions (Foster, 2009). At first, they have to understand the changing need and want of the customer's. Also, they have effectively managed the services and the demands of the products and they have to promote the payment and the distribution process. Marketing of a good product also depends on upon the consumer's satisfaction. So the product quality should be maintained. So the company should sincerely analysis the buyer behavior before market segmentation and targeting. Marketers have to make pricing policy thinking about their product quality and market competition. The major objectives of the marketing are the customer's satisfaction and the servic e offered to the product (Grner, 2016). Because the profit depends on this criteria. One more thing that the company has to take carethat is the promotion including selling and advertising to reach their goals. There should also be a feedback process for the reviews of the users and buyers. So they can give their personal view about the product, which will help the company to improve their product and service. The company must have to assure about the services that they offered so the buyers can buy a product without any hesitation. The feedback process will also help the company to improve their scope of marketing in future. Marketing research techniques and analysis: To develop a business first any company have to look care about some criteria depend on upon the business type. Market segmentation, targeting market, advertising, promoting and popularity are some criteria that one company have to look care of to develop the products growth. Now a days energy solution is the main problem (Imms and Ereaut, 2002). So everyone wants something new. The solar system is the key to solving and to introduce a new energy source. But as Australia is already a leading country in solar energy production, so to launch a new product of solar energy any company should provide some new features. The company first need to know the popularity of the thing they are going to launch so they need a market survey, which should on the basis of area and population.For the growth of market, company needs to segment the market in geographic, demographic, psychographicsegmentation. Geographic segmentation will provide data to the company about the area in which it is mostly needed. Demographic segmentation will give an idea about the population and service man and the economic picture of customers. So the company can target the area more. It should target most of the area full of school, office, industry, and over a populated area (Jindal, 2015). The advertisement is the basic and main thing to aware people about the product. But the company also maintain some basic rules to do it. For offline advertisement, it should choose the popular TV channels, well-populated area and most of the locality and they have to look care that people can get a clear image of the product and difference of the products with others. New features should be highlighted. For online advertisement, that is easier to promote,one need to create an attractive ad .The add should contain every detail and new features of the product. New features should be highlighted more. Advertisement page must be well decorated thus a customer can get a clear picture of company and product. Most popular websites, emails, social networking service should be the medium to post ads (Kotler, 2006). One more thing company have to look care of that is the competition presented. Australia is in top ten in this subject. So the competition will be very high and to introduce a new product is very tough. So to launch a new product company must provide some extra features and also price and quality should be maintained. Difference between marketing mix and extended marketing mix: The combination of elements that is used by a business to enable it to perform the needs and wants of the customer is marketing mix.The marketing mix is also known as the 4Ps of marketing. This 4P's are the parameters that have to control by the marketing manager in the marketing environment. The 4P's are product, price, place and promotion. The product terms refer to brand name styling quality as well as services that are warranty including repairs and support. In marketing pricing strategy should be followed (Malhotra, 2010). The company has to take a reasonable and affordable market price for the buyers and discount should be informed if have. Place refer to the distribution that is about getting the products to the customers. In promotion various aspects of marketing communication decisions include. All the information is taken by the marketers of the new product is the main part of the promotion. In recent days three new elements are added to the traditional market mix. After addition, the combined form of marketing is called extended marketing mix this is also known as 7P's the three new additional is people, process and physical. Here peoples are referred to them who may conduct and deliver the product the customer. The process is the system according to which delivery of a product to the customer is done (Otubanjo, 2013). The element physical means the environment of the customer experiences. The main difference between marketing mix and extended marketing mix is The later is more develop marketing function that is closer to the management and the customer and operations. Conclusion: After analysis, all the factors to make opportunity for a new product a company should take care of its market segmentation as per the customer needs and have to deliver the quality product that they offered. As the solar system is innovative as well as independence to the power system so this product can easily create a good place in the market of the high demanding energy state of the world. References Barrows, A. and Blackall, S. (2007).Ivy and Bean break the fossil record. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Birn, R. and Forsyth, P. (2002).Market research. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Chadwick, S. (2014). Market research is dead; Long live market research!.Research World, 2014(49), pp.6-7. Emling, S. (2009).The fossil hunter. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Fillis, I. and Rentschler, R. (2006).Creative marketing. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Foster, J. (2009). For the Good of the Cause and the Protection of the Border: The Service of the Indiana Legion in the Civil War, 18611865.Civil War History, 55(1), pp.31-55. Grner, G. (2016). Market research, market pull.Translational Materials Research, 2(4), p.040101. Imms, M. and Ereaut, G. (2002).An introduction to qualitative market research. London: Sage. Jindal, P. (2015). Risk Preferences and Demand Drivers of Extended Warranties.Marketing Science, 34(1), pp.39-58. Kotler, P. (2006).Marketing. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: Pearson Education Australia. Malhotra, N. (2010).Review of marketing research. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Otubanjo, O. (2013). The Extended Corporate Identity Mix.IJMS, 5(1).

An Old Woman With Crocodile Boots free essay sample

The elevator doors open and an eighty-year-old woman wearing crocodile boots, and a full face of make-up steps out into a five-star restaurant. Ignoring the shocked eyes of her onlookers, she confidently maneuvers her way through the busy tables to the hostess station. Trailing behind her are my mortified parents, who are surprisingly overshadowed by a woman fifty years their senior. This vivacious, self-assured woman is my great-grandmother, Freda Kaigh. Although I was three when she passed away, she has left an imprint on me. Throughout my life, Nanny has been a source of confidence and motivation, inspiring me to accomplish things I never believed I could achieve. Freda was born in Ukraine and immigrated with her Jewish parents to the United States at the age of three. Within years of her arrival, Freda became the oldest sibling to four brothers. Growing up in the early 1900s, Freda’s brothers were favored over her and had more support to continue their education. We will write a custom essay sample on An Old Woman With Crocodile Boots or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her parents ran a small grocery store, and they wanted their children to be even more successful. They encouraged their sons to attend college and were not concerned with their daughter’s education. Freda, however, pushed past her brothers and demanded the opportunity to attend college. After graduating college, Freda worked as a pharmacist in a Philadelphia drug store. She was loved among her customers and formed strong relationships with each of them. During this time, Freda gave birth to two children and, without a husband, supported her family throughout The Great Depression. As her children grew older, she urged them to become lawyers or doctors, even though this was rare for Jews at the time. With her guidance, her son Irving eventually became a doctor, and followed in the footsteps of his mother’s success. Freda’s daughter Gloria attended college and advocated for people who could not afford prescription medication. Everywhere she went, Freda’s dem eanor advertised her confidence and she was respected by friends and colleagues alike. She never let society dictate to her how she should behave. Instead, Freda pursued happiness in her own unique way. Freda was so strong-willed that she continued to work until she was forced into a wheelchair at the age of ninety. My grandmother had to take Nanny’s license away because she was just too stubborn to stop driving on her own. Nanny’s life story has influenced me to constantly pursue my objectives. Although our lives have been separated by a century, our perspective is parallel. As a single Jewish mother, she endured great difficulties and occasional biased opinions. In my life, Nanny’s spirit has inspired me to break down gender barriers. My personal dream is to become a lawyer in a world where women and men are seen as equals. By following her legacy, I will push myself beyond the expectations of others. Even though she passed away when I was only three, Nanny co ntinues to compel me to stretch my arms out and reach for success. To keep the memory of my great-grandmother alive, I have a shelf dedicated to her in my bedroom. It contains her sunglasses, ring-holder, mother-of-pearl makeup case, and a wooden merry-go-round. These items are a constant reminder of Nanny’s life story and serve as daily source of inspiration. I will hopefully pass these items on to my children and raise them as Nanny raised hers. When I turn eighty, maybe I will be the one confidently wearing crocodile boots in an upscale restaurant while turning the heads of shocked onlookers.

Myasthenia Gravis essays

Myasthenia Gravis essays Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission resulting in muscle weakness. The term myasthenia is latin for muscle weakness, and gravis for grave or serious. Myasthenia gravis is characterized by decremental neuronal response with repetitive nerve stimulation, and evidences itself in a few characteristic, physical ways. The typical symptoms for a myasthenic patient to have a flattened smile and droopy eyes, with slow papillary light responses. The patient may have fixed column deformity, or irregular posture after standing for a short time period. Nasal speech, difficulty chewing and swallowing, dulled facial expression, including difficulty smiling and an ineffective cough due to weak expiratory muscles, difficulty talking, weakness or paralysis that worsens with exertion later in the day, difficulty climbing stairs, difficulty lifting objects, are all also frequently associated with MG. MG involves fluctuating levels of weakness of commonly used muscles. Weakness occurs when the nerve impulses does not adequately reach the muscle cells which is caused by blockage of the action of neurotransmitters. Acetylcholine Receptors on the muscles are actually destroyed by the immune system, thus it is an immune response of the body against itself. High levels of antibodies block the action of neurotransmitters. The cause of autoimmune disorders such as MG is unknown. In some cases it may be associated with tumors of the thymus. MG affects an estimated 3 out of 10,000 people. ...

Economic Report of the President 2013 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economic Report of the President 2013 - Essay Example The report rightly notes that the United States currently enjoys a competitive advantage in business services. However, the service import is growing rapidly while in Advanced Technology it is realized that the country faces persistent trade deficit and this clearly shows a lack of competitiveness on this sector. However, on the part of the labour market, it is seen that only higher education and worker training are given priority while early childhood programs are not addressed. In any case, it is important to have a human capital policy that goes beyond the higher education policy and addresses all concerns in this respect. Indeed, the report is very optimistic about the trade prospects of this country and the potential for growth. Innovation is rightly captured as an important ingredient in the economic process. There must be a shift towards a knowledge based economy. Agriculture is strongly placed as a core aspect in the knowledge based economy. Indeed, the focus on agriculture can greatly benefit the country considering the huge potential in this sector. In any case, this sector can further enhance the development of manufacturing and the service sectors. In this respect, much focus is placed on biological, chemical and other advances in agricultural production. The report places much priority on the stabilization of the economy and the creation of jobs for everyone. The first chapter underscores the commitment of the administration in creating a comprehensive energy strategy in order to enhance energy security, economic growth and job creation. Indeed, the dependence on foreign oil has always been a concern for the country. The report highlights the growing need to reduce the overdependence on oil and by developing renewable sources of energy. It is further noted that there has been much decline on foreign oil and this indicates good

Describe the journey of a Red Blood Cell around the body Essay

Describe the journey of a Red Blood Cell around the body - Essay Example A spectrin network attached to the lipid bilayer contains several organic proteins, phospholipids, sphingolipids and cholesterol. This type of attachment increases the stiffness of the RBC. Moreover, this sort of spectrin protein allows the free diffusion of vital component from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid. (Li & Lykotrafittis, 2012). The journey of red blood cells (erythrocytes) usually begins in the circulatory system. During their passage through the blood vessels the erythrocytes undergo several important changes in shape and structure particularly when needed to pass through the narrow passages in the circulatory system. An erythrocyte is a biconcave disc of a diameter ranging between 6-8 microns, with mean thickness of 2.5 micrometres at the periphery and approximately 1 micrometre towards the centre of the cell (Guyton & Hall, 2006). Transporting of oxygen from lung to various other organs is the function of the RBCs during their journey in the human circulatory system. Importantly, this oxygen available for the functioning of organs is stored into the haemoglobin of RBC and when it reaches its particular destination, oxygen is liberated from haemoglobin and it moves through the cellular passive diffusion. Furthermore, carbon dioxide (CO2) that is released after cellular activities is then again fused with haemoglobin of RBC. This deoxygenated blood due to presence of CO2 into the haemoglobin then enters into the heart, and is finally diffused to the lungs. It was reported that in some lower animals (some invertebrates), Hb is present as a free protein in plasma and it is not bound to the RBCs like in human beings. The total life span of each erythrocyte in the circulation is 120 days (Dean, 2005). But during this period if any of them gets damaged, then they could be eliminated from the circulatory system with the help of macrophages which is usually present in the bone marrow, spleen or in the liver (Premkumar, 2004). A normal man has an average of 5,200,000 red blood cells (RBC) per cubic millimetre and a normal woman has an average of 4,700,000 RBCs per cubic millimetre (Guyton & Hall, 2006). Around 3 million red blood cells (RBC) enter the circulation each second (Starr & McMillan, 2012). Haemoglobin is usually concentrated in the red blood cells (RBC); the metabolic limit of haemoglobin-forming mechanism of the body allows only a maximum concentration of 34grams of Haemoglobin in each 100 millilitres of cells (Guyton & Hall, 2006). In any normal and healthy individual, the haemoglobin (Hb) concentration remains at this maximum permitted level. 2. Bone marrow, Journey and Production of erythrocytes: Production of the erythrocytes from the bone marrow is called erythropoiesis (Schlossberg & Zuiderna, 1997). Apart from bone marrow, red blood cells are also produced by various other organs during the early development of human body. Yolk Sac is the primary site of the production of RBCs during the early embryonic p eriod (Guyton & Hall, 2006, p. 421). Liver serves as the main organ for RBC production during the middle trimester of gestation while lymph nodes and spleen also produce an amount of RBCs during this stage of development (Guyton & Hall, 2006, p. 421). Bone marrow is an important part of human body for the production of red blood cells (RBC) during the last month of gestation and soon after the birth (Guyton & Hall, 2